Ancient Cities of the Wagadu Empire: Exploring Aoudaghost

While the driver and “guide� prayed, I wandered the ruins of the old city. Among rocks tumbled from ancient walls, shards of ancient pottery, and fragments of what looked like forged metal, I imagined the life of the people who apparently occupied this city of the Wagadu (Ghana) kingdom around the 8th to 11th centuries.

Mound Left in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Remains of Building in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania More Remains of Building in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania

Well or Storage Pit in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Remains of Building in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Remains of Building in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania

Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania

Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Striated Rock Found at Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania

Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania

Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania

Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania

Remains of Building in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Remains of Building in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Remains of Building in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania

Bone Shards in Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Remains of Building in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Remains of Building in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania

Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Pottery Fragment in Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Pottery Fragment in Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania

Pottery Fragment in Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Pottery Fragment in Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Pottery Fragment in Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania

Pottery Fragment in Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Well or Storage Pit in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Well or Storage Pit in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania

Probably Nugget of Iron Ore at Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Remains of Building in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Remains of Building in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania

Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Pottery Fragments in Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania

Bone Shards in Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania

Pottery Fragments in Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Odd Rock in Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania

Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania

Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania

Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania

Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Remains of Building in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania

Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania

Pottery Fragments in Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Bovine Carcass in Remains in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Remains of Building in Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania

Ancient Cities of the Wagadu Empire: Arriving at Aoudaghost

At the virage, I switched to a 4×4 vehicle with a driver who probably already overcharged me for the first ride, but then really took me for a ride by vastly overcharging me for the two-hour ride to the ancient city of Aoudaghost.

More Terrain Between Ayoun el Atrous and Tamchekett Virage, Mauritania Camel Caravan Between Tamchekett and Aoudaghost, Mauritania Desert Between Tamchekett and Aoudaghost, Mauritania

Desert Terrain Between Tamchekett and Aoudaghost, Mauritania Desert Scrub Brush Between Tamchekett and Aoudaghost, Mauritania Desert Scrub Trees Between Tamchekett and Aoudaghost, Mauritania

Desert Terrain Between Tamchekett and Aoudaghost, Mauritania More Desert Terrain Between Tamchekett and Aoudaghost, Mauritania Even More Desert Terrain Between Tamchekett and Aoudaghost, Mauritania

Dunes Between Ayoun el Atrous and Tamchekett Virage, Mauritania More Dunes Between Ayoun el Atrous and Tamchekett Virage, Mauritania Driver Lets Air Out of Tires to Gain Traction in Sand Between Tamcheket Virage and Aoudaghost

Even More Dunes Between Ayoun el Atrous and Tamchekett Virage, Mauritania Desert Terrain Between Tamchekett and Aoudaghost, Mauritania More Terrain Between Ayoun el Atrous and Tamchekett Virage, Mauritania

The city was beautiful, surrounded by eroded mountains of layered brown stone with caves and also by unusually orange sand dunes, probably due to the presence of lots of iron. The driver let air out of the tires to get more traction in the sand. (That’s a picture above of the guy who overcharged me so much.)

Eroded Mountains Around Ancient Aoudaghost, Mauritania Landscape Surrounding Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania Mountains Surrounding Ancient City of Aoudaghost, Mauritania

Ancient Cities of the Wagadu Empire: Approaching Aoudaghost

November 15, 2007, Bus station in Ayoun el Atrous, Mauritania

The journey by bus from Bamako to Nioro du Sahel was fairly uneventful. A pleasant elder gentleman sat next to me and we chatted in French much of the way. I also occupied my time by swatting mosquitoes with my map of Mali until the window was so much covered with their bloody carcasses that it became difficult to take pictures free of the evidence of their untimely end. As we left Bamako, the terrain changed gradually from larger trees and bushes to more of a savannah environment, punctuated by the occasional baobab tree and its sister tree, apparently called the mobili.

At this desert outpost called Nioro du Sahel, I and a Mauritanian business woman named Amie changed to a car, actually a Mercedes, into which they packed a total of seven people, three in front and four behind. I felt really squished compared to the bus, even though riding in a luxury car. We went through the border and many police checkpoints, also without incident.

Ayoun El Atrous, Mauritania

Then, we arrived at Ayoun el Atrous and I stayed the night at the Hotel Aioun after some difficulty in changing money with the taxi driver. I wanted to wait until the next morning to change US dollars to Mauritanian Ougiya at the bank. Well, it turned out that the bank only changes Euros and doesn’t accept dollars or even CFA from neighboring Mali. A number of money changers offered me poor rates of exchange until I found one named Mohammed, an insurance guy, who was really the only one serious about changing dollars. He changed at the rate of 220 ougiya to the dollar, the best rate I could find, but I later found out the official rate if more like 260 ougiya to the dollar.

Room at Hotel Aioun, Ayoun el Atrous, Mauritania Bathroom at Hotel Aioun, Ayoun el Atrous, Mauritania View From Roof of Hotel Aioun, Ayoun el Atrous, Mauritania

View of Goat From Roof of Hotel Aioun, Ayoun el Atrous, Mauritania View of Waste From Roof of Hotel Aioun, Ayoun el Atrous, Mauritania Water Station in Ayoun el Atrous, Mauritania

Then, off I went back to the bus station, or garage as they call it here, to find a car for the Tamchekett virage, i.e. the turnout for Tamchekett.

Rock Formation Between Ayoun el Atrous and Tamchekett Virage, Mauritania Rock Formations Between Ayoun el Atrous and Tamchekett Virage, Mauritania Another Rock Formation Between Ayoun el Atrous and Tamchekett Virage, Mauritania

Mountain Between Ayoun el Atrous and Tamchekett Virage, Mauritania Distant Mountain Between Ayoun el Atrous and Tamchekett Virage, Mauritania Terrain Between Ayoun el Atrous and Tamchekett Virage, Mauritania

The Trek from Bamako to Mauritania

November 12, 2007, Bus from Bamako to Nioro, Mali

Map of Nioro in Mali

A nice elderly fellow on the bus told me the following anecdotes:

  • Marbara is the first village of the Peul (aka Fulani) people, located near a hill in the middle of the desert. In this village, you have only to dig a bit anywhere in the ground to find water if you are thirsty. However, if you are no longer thirsty, the water is not easy to find.

  • In one village of this region, a white French man came to demand some tax payments that were overdue. The villagers wouldn’t pay, so he struck some of the men. He then demanded some milk, but no one would give it to him until a woman found a cow and got milk for him and his friends. Three of the four of them died from drinking the milk. The last remaining one left the village forever. The village has never paid taxes since that day.

Terrain North of Bamako, Mali More Terrain North of Bamako, Mali Traditional Cylinder on Cone Construction, North of Bamako, Mali

Village North of Bamako, Mali Cowherd North of Bamako, Mali Tree Field North of Bamako, Mali

A boy boarded the bus with a live chicken in Bamako. Along the way, he got off the bus without taking the chicken. Eventually, the bus driver gave the chicken to a woman he liked working in a stall in a town along the bus route.

Bus Conductor and Passengers, North of Bamako, Mali Rock Formation or Ruins North of Bamako, Mali Trees North of Bamako, Mali

I saw lots of baobab trees and spoke with friendly passengers on this bus, Peuls who speak Peular and are Muslims. A Mauritanian woman on the bus who says her name is Amie is also going to Ayoun el Atrous. The voyage is going much more rapidly than I thought it would, inshallah.

Shrubs North of Bamako, Mali Scenery North of Bamako, Mali Boy With Travel Eyes, North of Bamako, Mali

That last pic is one of my favorite ones ever… check out what appears in the boy’s eyes!

Watch how the number of baobabs increases further north and the terrain gets drier.

Baobab North of Bamako, Mali Baobabs North of Bamako, Mali Drier Terrain North of Bamako, Mali